\definecolor{lightergray}{gray}{.75} \newcommand*\lightergray{\color{lightergray}} \begin{figure}[!t] \begin{verbatim} @project brookslaw @attribute apex 2 @attribute plex 1 2 @attribute ltex 1 2 3 @attribute ?pmat 2 3 @attribute ?rely 3 4 5 @attribute ?data 2 3 @attribute ?cplx 4 5 @attribute ?time 4 5 @attribute ?stor 3 4 5 @attribute ?pvol 2 3 4 @attribute ?acap 3 4 5 @attribute ?pcap 3 4 5 @attribute ?tool 3 4 @attribute ?sced 2 3 \end{verbatim} \caption{The Brooks' Law Query for the NASA93 dataset in COCOMO II format.}\label{fig:brooks} \end{figure} \begin{figure}[!t] \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}|@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}|@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}|}\hline \multicolumn{17}{|c|}{Relevancy Filtering: Brooks' Law Query, NASA93 Dataset}\\\hline row& \emph{\begin{sideways}apex\end{sideways}}& \emph{\begin{sideways}plex\end{sideways}}& \emph{\begin{sideways}ltex\end{sideways}}& \begin{sideways}pmat\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}rely\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}data\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}cplx\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}time\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}stor\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}pvol\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}acap\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}pcap\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}tool\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}sced\end{sideways}& effort& overlap\\\hline 57 & \lightergray3 & 2 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 5 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 38 & 13\\ 56 & \lightergray3 & 2 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 5 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 12 & 13\\ 55 & \lightergray3 & 2 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 5 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 480 & 13\\ 53 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 2 & 5 & 2 & 5 & 5 & \lightergray6 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 648 & 13\\ 35 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 4 & 2 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 370 & 12\\ 26 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 114 & 12\\ 09 & \lightergray4 & 2 & 1 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 215 & 12\\ 40 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 636 & 11\\ 25 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 42 & 11\\ 23 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 60 & 11\\ 22 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 42 & 11\\ 17 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 210 & 11\\ 16 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & \lightergray3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 90 & 11\\ 47 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 4 & 4 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 703 & 10\\ 44 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 2 & 3 & 3 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 5 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 300 & 10\\ 43 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 2 & 3 & 3 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 5 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 300 & 10\\ 41 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 5 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 576 & 10\\ 36 & \lightergray3 & 2 & 3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 2 & 278 & 10\\ 34 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 2 & 3 & \lightergray4 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 155 & 10\\ 33 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 2 & 3 & \lightergray4 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 98.8 & 10\\\hline \multicolumn{17}{|c|}{(39 cases omitted)}\\\hline 54 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray6 & \lightergray6 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 8211 & 7\\ 52 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray6 & \lightergray6 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 1645.9 & 7\\ 51 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray6 & \lightergray6 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 4178.2 & 7\\\hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \caption{Excerpt of the NASA93 dataset demonstrating overlap between the query and historical cases.}\label{fig:train-filter} \end{figure} \begin{figure}[!t] \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\hline Treatment & $freq(x|best)$ & $freq(x|rest)$ & $like$ (Eq ~\ref{eq:br})\\\hline \rowcolor[rgb]{0.9,0.9,0.9}pmat=3 & 5 & 10 & 1.66\\ acap=3 & 4 & 7 & 1.45\\ sced=3 & 5 & 13 & 1.38\\ tool=3 & 5 & 14 & 1.32\\ data=3 & 4 & 9 & 1.23\\ pvol=4 & 2 & 2 & 1.0\\ rely=4 & 3 & 6 & 1.0\\ data=2 & 2 & 5 & 0.57\\ rely=3 & 2 & 9 & 0.36\\ time=3 & 3 & 7 & 0.9\\ cplx=5 & 2 & 3 & 0.8\\ stor=5 & 2 & 3 & 0.8\\ stor=3 & 3 & 10 & 0.69\\ time=5 & 2 & 4 & 0.67\\ cplx=4 & 3 & 12 & 0.6\\ pvol=3 & 2 & 5 & 0.57\\ pvol=2 & 1 & 9 & 0.11\\\hline %data=4 & 0 & 1 & 0 %data=5 & 0 & 1 & 0 %pmat=2 & 0 & 4 & 0 %pmat=4 & 0 & 2 & 0 %apex=3 & 4 & 4 & 2.0 %apex=5 & 1 & 2 & 0.33 %plex=2 & 2 & 3 & 0.8 %plex=3 & 3 & 10 & 0.69 %ltex=2 & 3 & 2 \end{tabular} \end{center} \caption{Contrast between the ``Best'' and ``Rest'' sets. Contrast values computed by $like = \frac{freq(x|best)^2}{freq(x|best)+freq(x|rest)}$ rank each attribute value according to contrast. Higher $like$ values for an attribute imply its association with smaller effort values.}\label{fig:train-bestrest} \end{figure} \begin{figure}[!t] \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}|@{\hspace{0.5mm}}l@{\hspace{0.5mm}}|}\hline \multicolumn{16}{|c|}{BEST Set}\\\hline row& \emph{\begin{sideways}apex\end{sideways}}& \emph{\begin{sideways}plex\end{sideways}}& \emph{\begin{sideways}ltex\end{sideways}}& \begin{sideways}pmat\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}rely\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}data\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}cplx\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}time\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}stor\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}pvol\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}acap\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}pcap\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}tool\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}sced\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}effort\end{sideways}\\\hline 56 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 5 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 12\\ 08 & 5 & 3 & 2 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 36\\ 57 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 5 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 38\\ 22 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 42\\ 25 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 42\\\hline \multicolumn{16}{c}{}\\\hline \multicolumn{16}{|c|}{REST Set}\\\hline row& \emph{\begin{sideways}apex\end{sideways}}& \emph{\begin{sideways}plex\end{sideways}}& \emph{\begin{sideways}ltex\end{sideways}}& \begin{sideways}pmat\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}rely\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}data\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}cplx\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}time\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}stor\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}pvol\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}acap\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}pcap\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}tool\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}sced\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}effort\end{sideways}\\\hline 12 & 5 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 48\\ 11 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 60\\ 23 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 60\\ 19 & 4 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 4 & 5 & 5 & 2 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 62\\ 16 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 90\\ 33 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 98.8\\ 26 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 114\\ 17 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 210\\ 09 & 4 & 2 & 1 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 215\\ 44 & 4 & 4 & 4 & 2 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 300\\ 07 & 5 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 360\\ 35 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 4 & 2 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 370\\ 55 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 5 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 480\\ 40 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 636\\ 53 & 2 & 1 & 2 & 2 & 5 & 2 & 5 & 5 & 6 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 648\\\hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \caption{The "Best" and "Rest" sets. Top 5 cases with the most desirable effort (lowest) are in Best while the remaining 15 are in Rest. }\label{fig:train-contrast} \end{figure} \begin{figure}[!t] \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}|@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}|@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}|}\hline \multicolumn{17}{|c|}{Brooks' Law Query on Test Set}\\\hline row& \emph{\begin{sideways}apex\end{sideways}}& \emph{\begin{sideways}plex\end{sideways}}& \emph{\begin{sideways}ltex\end{sideways}}& \begin{sideways}pmat\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}rely\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}data\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}cplx\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}time\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}stor\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}pvol\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}acap\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}pcap\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}tool\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}sced\end{sideways}& effort& overlap\\\hline \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}11 & \lightergray5 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 24 & 10\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}15 & \lightergray5 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 48 & 10\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}19 & \lightergray5 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 48 & 10\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}18 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 60 & 10\\ 21 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 4 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 60 & 9\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}10 & \lightergray5 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 72 & 10\\ 71 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 2 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 5 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 72 & 10\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}24 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & \lightergray3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 90 & 11\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}63 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 162 & 9\\ 31 & \lightergray4 & 2 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 3 & \lightergray5 & 4 & 5 & 5 & 2 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 170 & 10\\ 73 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 2 & 3 & 3 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 5 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 300 & 10\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}45 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 400 & 8\\ 79 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 4 & 4 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 409 & 10\\ 84 & \lightergray5 & 1 & 1 & \lightergray4 & 4 & 2 & 5 & 5 & \lightergray6 & 2 & 5 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 430 & 11\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}67 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 5 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 444 & 11\\ 80 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 4 & 3 & 5 & 4 & 4 & 2 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 703 & 10\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}60 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 5 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 720 & 10\\ 76 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray5 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 5 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 756 & 9\\ %87 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray6 & \lightergray6 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 1645.9 & 7\\ %88 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray6 & \lightergray6 & \lightergray6 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 1924.5 & 6\\\hline 46 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 2 & \lightergray2 & 3 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 2400 & 8\\ %85 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray4 & 5 & \lightergray6 & \lightergray6 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 4178.2 & 7\\ 59 & \lightergray5 & 1 & \lightergray4 & 2 & 5 & 2 & \lightergray6 & \lightergray6 & 5 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 4560 & 10\\\hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \caption{Testing phase.}\label{fig:testing} \end{figure} \begin{figure}[!t] \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}|@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}|@{\hspace{0.5mm}}c@{\hspace{0.5mm}}|}\hline \multicolumn{17}{|c|}{Brooks' Law Query $\cup$ {\em pmat=3}}\\\hline row& \emph{\begin{sideways}apex\end{sideways}}& \emph{\begin{sideways}plex\end{sideways}}& \emph{\begin{sideways}ltex\end{sideways}}& \begin{sideways}pmat\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}rely\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}data\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}cplx\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}time\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}stor\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}pvol\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}acap\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}pcap\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}tool\end{sideways}& \begin{sideways}sced\end{sideways}& effort& overlap\\\hline \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}11 & \lightergray5 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 24 & 10\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}15 & \lightergray5 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 48 & 10\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}19 & \lightergray5 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 48 & 10\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}18 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 60 & 10\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}10 & \lightergray5 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 72 & 10\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}24 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & \lightergray3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 90 & 11\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}63 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 3 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 162 & 9\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}45 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 4 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 400 & 8\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}67 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 5 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 444 & 11\\ \cellcolor[rgb]{0.8,0.8,0.8}60 & \lightergray3 & \lightergray4 & \lightergray4 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 4 & \lightergray3 & 3 & 2 & 5 & 5 & 3 & 3 & 720 & 10\\\hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \caption{Testing phase.}\label{fig:testing-constrained} \end{figure} \begin{figure}[!t] \begin{center} {\scriptsize \begin{tabular}{| r | @{}c@{} | @{}c@{} | @{}c |}\hline & Effort & Effort & Effort Distrubtion \\ Query & Median & Spread & 366 \\\hline $q$ (Initial) & 235 & 508 & \boxplot{5.737704918}{23.08743169}{28.82513661}{46.2431694}{75.06830601}\\ $q \cup pmat=3$ (Final) & 81 & 352 & \boxplot{3.278688525}{4.508196721}{7.786885246}{43.57923497}{51.36612022}\\\hline \end{tabular}} \end{center} \caption{Result of applying the learned constraint $pmat = 3$ to the Brooks' Law query $q$ during testing. The median estimate reduction from 235 to 81 represents a 66\% reduction is software effort by applying $pmat = 3$.} \label{fig:testing-result} \end{figure}